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  1. Thermodynamics | Laws, Definition, & Equations | Britannica

    5 days ago · Thermodynamics is the study of the relations between heat, work, temperature, and energy. The laws of thermodynamics describe how the energy in a system changes and …

  2. Laws of thermodynamics | Definition, Physics, & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 27, 2025 · Laws of thermodynamics, four relations underlying thermodynamics, the branch of physics concerning heat, work, temperature, and energy and the transfer of such energy. The …

  3. Thermodynamics - Heat, Energy, Laws | Britannica

    5 days ago · In order to carry through a program of finding the changes in the various thermodynamic functions that accompany reactions—such as entropy, enthalpy, and free …

  4. Enthalpy | Definition, Equation, & Units | Britannica

    Nov 18, 2025 · Thermodynamics is the study of the relations between heat, work, temperature, and energy. The laws of thermodynamics describe how the energy in a system changes and …

  5. Thermodynamics - Energy, Heat, Work | Britannica

    Aug 22, 2025 · Thermodynamics - Energy, Heat, Work: The laws of thermodynamics are deceptively simple to state, but they are far-reaching in their consequences.

  6. Free energy | Definition, Units, Gibbs, Helmholtz, Symbol, Equation ...

    Free energy, in thermodynamics, energylike property or state function of a system in thermodynamic equilibrium. Free energy has the dimensions of energy, and its value is …

  7. Thermodynamic equilibrium | Thermal Balance, Heat Transfer

    Temperature is not the equivalent of the energy of a thermodynamic system; e.g., a burning match is at a much higher temperature than an iceberg, but the total heat energy contained in …

  8. First law of thermodynamics | Definition & Facts | Britannica

    Nov 21, 2025 · First law of thermodynamics, thermodynamic relation stating that, within an isolated system, the total energy of the system is constant, even if energy has been converted …

  9. Thermodynamics - Entropy, Heat, Energy | Britannica

    Oct 15, 2025 · Thermodynamics - Entropy, Heat, Energy: The first law of thermodynamics asserts that energy must be conserved in any process involving the exchange of heat and work …

  10. Thermodynamics - Open Systems, Energy, Entropy | Britannica

    Oct 15, 2025 · In order to simplify the application of the laws of thermodynamics to open systems, parameters with the dimensions of energy, known as thermodynamic potentials, are …