La Niña: Conditions are present and favored to persist through December 2025 - February 2026, with a transition to neutral likely in January-March 2026 (55% chance).

The increase in snow depth and snowpack water equivalent (SWE) through the accumulation season is accompanied by an increase in density due snow metamorphism. The accumulation period ended …

Snow to liquid ratios vary significantly by geographic region. In Colorado the snow to liquid ratio is usually much higher than 10 to 1 ( or snow density less than .10).

Accounting for residual saturation at bottom of roof snow pack, able to calculate loss of roof snow due to melting (water flow off roof) and back-calculate Ct – see June Structures mag for math.

This Guide was written by the Water Supply Forecasting Unit, West National Technical Center, and state snow survey supervisors of the Soil Conservation Service in the West, in consultation with other …

SNOW CALIBRATION ♦ Estimate initial parameters from watershed characteristics, previous applications, and past experiences ♦ Evaluate transference of meteorological data from observation …

Significant shifts in snow accumulation, timing, and melt are underway. Still, the quantity of snow stored across the prairies and tundra, in the mountains, on sea ice, and in the forests remains dificult to …