microcontroller into a (more or less) smooth DC voltage. In principle, a typical microcontroller can supply an average voltage range of 0 to 5 V via its PWM pins. But we need to convert the ...

Voltage level shifters are pivotal components in modern CMOS integrated circuits, facilitating robust interfacing between domains operating at disparate voltage levels. Recent advancements in this ...

The need for logic voltage level translation is prevalent on most electronic systems today. For example, an ASIC might be operating with supply-voltage V CCA, while an I/O device operates with a ...

A novel family of advanced fixed-direction voltage level translators developed by Nexperia targets the most common push-pull data interfaces (including UART, SPI, and JTAG protocols) as well as ...