The informational efficiency of stock prices is not only empirically disproven; it is a theoretical impossibility. The Knowledge Problem, as articulated by Friedrich Hayek, renders the Efficient ...

The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) has retreated from bold claims of efficiency to a weaker defense that abandons its original claims. The "nihilist defense" simply asserts most active managers ...

The stock market will be lucky just to keep up with inflation over the next decade. Just take a look at the table at the end of this column, which highlights 10 valuation indicators with good track ...

The lesson for marketers is clear: AI’s value lies not only in efficiency, but in expanding the scope of what’s measurable and actionable. Much of the conversation around AI in marketing has centered ...

Marketing teams are under scrutiny. The end of the ZIRP (zero interest rate period) era fundamentally reshaped the economic landscape, forcing businesses to shift from aggressive expansion toward ...

In today's competitive market, customers expect highly personalized and timely brand interactions. Customer experience is paramount: 80% of customers say the experience a company provides is just as ...

To put it simply, AI refers to the simulation of human intelligence by machines, designed to perform a wide range of tasks. For B2B marketers, this means having access to increasingly sophisticated AI ...