This study was conducted as a laboratory investigation and interventional case series. An artificial opaque lens, a clear intraocular lens (IOL), or an irrigation/aspiration (I/A) tip was inserted ...

When light moves from air into glass or plastic it is refracted close refractionProcess by which a wave changes speed and sometimes direction upon entering a denser or less dense medium, eg a light ...

How Images are Formed New procedures based on wave theory and executed by computers have supplemented the traditional techniques of ray optics. The result is a major advance in the quality of lenses ...

Researchers have proposed a new method to form an electron lens that will help reduce installation costs for electron microscopes with atomic resolution, proliferating their use. Instead of the ...