Most modern operational amplifiers (op amps) operate over a 5-V (or ±2.5 V) or lower voltage range. For applications requiring a larger input-voltage swing, such as industrial circuits, suitable ...

Internal operating voltages in electronic devices continue to decrease, but input-source voltages don't change. As the difference between input and output voltages increases, so does the improvement ...

Power-supply designers frequently encounter projects where the input voltages are much higher compared to the low output voltages usually require to power the target equipment. Typical output needs ...

This file type includes high-resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. A coulomb counter can measure charge that flows into or out of a battery, and small, dedicated ICs can directly ...