Figure 2-11: A quarter wave microstrip antenna has a shorting wall which replaces the virtual short found in a half wave microstrip antenna. The length of a quarter wavelength patch antenna for a ...

We have already given many posts on Op-Amp circuits. But the list of applications of Op-Amp will be keep on going. The best Op-Amp circuit which is used to convert sine waveform into rectangular ...

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM) is a technique of converting analog signals into rectangular waveforms. The width of the waveform varies in proportion with the ...

AN article by J, Kemp (Electrical Communication, 20, No. 2, 1941) shows how the attenuation of electromagnetic waves propagated through the interior of rectangular metal tubes is calculated by the ...

Using modulated rectangular waves of different time periods, the circuit presented here produces ringing tones similar to those produced by a telephone. The circuit requires four astable ...