Matching a sensor interface with a programmable logic converter or controller hardware that can accept only one type of input—npn or pnp—can be difficult. The last-stage modification circuit described ...

Manufacturing companies, particularly those that mass-produce electronic circuits, work pretty much around bipolar junction transistors, like PNP and NPN. However, choosing between these two BJTs can ...

Question: How do I design a circuit with an accurate current output into a nonlinear load resistance? Answer: It’s easy to make current output devices. A number of simple circuits can deliver unipolar ...